{"id":522,"date":"2012-06-19T13:37:44","date_gmt":"2012-06-19T17:37:44","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/209.240.158.253\/wordpress\/?p=522"},"modified":"2024-10-29T17:33:59","modified_gmt":"2024-10-29T21:33:59","slug":"meadow-vole","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.northwoodscenter.org\/wordpress\/meadow-vole\/","title":{"rendered":"Meadow Vole"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><em>Microtus pennsylvanicus<\/em><\/p>\n<div><\/div>\n<h2>ID<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>Dense, soft fur of a chestnut brown in the summer and a darker gray in the winter<\/li>\n<li>Tail is usually at least twice as long as the hind foot<\/li>\n<li>Six tubercles on the soles of the hind feet (Whitaker)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>Distribution<\/h2>\n<div><a title=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/www.northwoodscenter.org\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/06\/M.-pennsylvanicus.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"lazyload none\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%27http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%27%20width%3D%27150%27%20height%3D%27150%27%20viewBox%3D%270%200%20150%20150%27%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%27150%27%20height%3D%27150%27%20fill-opacity%3D%220%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E\" data-orig-src=\"https:\/\/www.northwoodscenter.org\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/06\/M.-pennsylvanicus-150x150.jpg\" alt=\"\" \/><\/a>\u00a0<a title=\"Credit: Smithsonian Institution\" href=\"https:\/\/www.northwoodscenter.org\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/06\/m.pennsylvanicus.gif\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"lazyload none\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%27http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%27%20width%3D%27150%27%20height%3D%27150%27%20viewBox%3D%270%200%20150%20150%27%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%27150%27%20height%3D%27150%27%20fill-opacity%3D%220%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E\" data-orig-src=\"https:\/\/www.northwoodscenter.org\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/06\/m.pennsylvanicus-150x150.gif\" alt=\"Credit: Smithsonian Institution\" \/><\/a>\n<\/div>\n<h2>Reproduction<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>Can produce as many as 17 litters in a year<\/li>\n<li>Gestation is 20-21 days with litters ranging from 1 to 11 young<\/li>\n<li>Females can breed by 3 weeks old<\/li>\n<li>Both males and females are promiscuous (Whitaker)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>Behavior<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>Males will often kill babies in nests that they find unless the mother is a female with whom he has mated<\/li>\n<li>Most prolific mammal in the world<\/li>\n<li>Spend a lot of time above ground on runway trails that are maintained by the voles chewing anything that sprouts in the path<\/li>\n<li>Active both day and night, but peak activity hours are early morning and late afternoon<\/li>\n<li>Can swim, but cannot climb<\/li>\n<li>Individuals can apparently orient themselves by the sun<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>Food Habits<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>Grasses, seeds, rootstocks, tender barks. Stores roots, tubers, leaves, and other plant parts for winter<\/li>\n<li>Eat more than their weight in food daily and need to engage in coprophagy in order to absorb adequate nutrition<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>Size\/Life Cycle<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>Average measurements: 167 mm (total length), 33-65 g (total weight) (Smithsonian)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>Predators<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>Almost anything, but especially weasels and house cats<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>Habitat<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>Moist fields of dense vegetation containing grasses and sedges, low meadows, swampy pastures, fields with protecting covers of dead grasses and herbs, coastal salt meadows, and bluegrass fields<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Microtus pennsylvanicus ID Dense, soft fur of a chestnut brown in the summer and a darker gray in the winter Tail is usually at least twice as long as the hind foot Six tubercles on the soles of the hind feet (Whitaker) Distribution \u00a0 Reproduction Can produce as many as 17 litters in a year Gestation is 20-21 days with litters ranging from 1 to 11 young Females can breed by 3 weeks old Both males and females are promiscuous (Whitaker) Behavior Males will often kill babies in nests that they <a href=\"https:\/\/www.northwoodscenter.org\/wordpress\/meadow-vole\/\"> [Read More&#8230;]<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"nf_dc_page":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[1158],"tags":[62,1173,1160],"class_list":["post-522","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-mammal-atlas","tag-meadow-vole","tag-microtus-pennsylvanicus","tag-rodent"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Meadow Vole | NorthWoods Stewardship Center<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, 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